Guardian – british edition. Daily newspaper. It opened in 1821 as the manchester guardian and changed its name in 1959. In parallel with its own sister papers, the observer and the guardian weekly, the guardian became part of the scott trust’s guardian media group. The trust came into existence in 1936 to “secure the guardian’s financial and editorial independence in perpetuity, and to keep the guardian’s journalistic output and democratic values from commercial or political interference.” In 2008, the trust was converted to a small liability company, and the constitution was written to provide the guardian with the same protections that remain built into the scott trust by its creators. Profits are reinvested in journalism, but are not distributed among the owners or shareholders.[7] in england, it is considered a respected newspaper.[8][9]
Editor-in-chief katherine wiener took over from alan rusbridger three years ago.[10][11] from the newest main categories of newspapers are published in tabloid format. As of july 2021 [update], his newspaper had a daily circulation of 105,134. The newspaper still has a global network-edition theguardian.Com, and two international resources: guardian australia (opened in 2013) and guardian us (organized in 2011). The newspaper’s readers tend to be of the mainstream british political left,[12][13] and the term “guardian reader” is used to refer to a stereotype of liberal, leftist or “politically correct” views. Frequent typographical irregularities in the age of manual typing led private eye magazine in the 1960s to call the newspaper grauniade, a nickname still sometimes used by editors to ridicule reputation.[14]
in an ipsos mori research survey conducted in september 2018, designed to find out how much public opinion trusts certain online publications, the guardian scored the highest for information about digital content, with 84% of readers agreeing that these drugs ” trust that they see films there.” [15 in a survey report conducted by the publishers audience measurement company for the december latest, it is shown that the press of the newspaper was considered the most pleasant in europe between october 2017 and september of this year. British “quality news brands”, including digital publications; other “quality brand names” included the times, the daily telegraph, the independent, and i. Although the guardian’s print circulation is declining, the report indicates that the guardian’s news sites, in particular registered via the world wide web, reach more than 23 million british adults every month.[16]
Prime among the famous the “scoops” received by the paper were the news international phone hacking scandal 7 years ago and, throughout the feature, the phone hacking of murdered english teenager millie dowler.[17] the investigation leads to the closure of the news of the world, england’s best-selling sunday newspaper and the most significant of the most widely circulated newspapers in human life.[18] in june 2013, the guardian published a story about the obama administration’s secret collection of verizon phone records[19] and because of this revealed the existence of the prism surveillance program as soon as it was leaked to the newspaper by a whistleblower and former national security official. Agency contractor edward snowden.[20] this year, the guardian investigated the panama papers, exposing then-prime minister david cameron’s ties to offshore bank accounts. It has been named newspaper of the year four times at the annual british press awards, most recently in 2014 for reporting on government surveillance.[21]
From 1821 to 1972
The manchester guardian was formed in manchester in 1821 by cotton merchant john edward taylor with the help of the little circle, a group of nonconformist businessmen.[22] they launched the newspaper on may 5, 1821 (in vain on possibly the day of napoleon’s death) as soon as the police shut down the more radical manchester observer, a newspaper that championed the cause of the protesters against the peterloo massacre. Taylor was considered hostile to the radical reformers, writing: “they did not appeal to reason, but to the passions and sufferings of their resentful and gullible countrymen, from whose unrequited labor they extort at their own liking the means of a rich and comfortable find.” Films do not work, they do not spin, but sometimes life is preferable to people who do what. [24] when the government shut down the manchester observer, the factory owners took over. [25]
Influential journalist jeremiah garnett joined taylor during the paper’s founding, and it was members of the little circle who wrote articles for the happier paper.[26] the prospectus announcing the new edition stated that it “will zealously enforce the principles of civil and religious liberty … Ardently uphold the cause of reform … Seek to promote the just principles of political economy and … Support, regardless of party, through which they proceed, all necessary measures. The manchester guardian and british volunteer until 1828. “.[29] the manchester guardian was hostile to the tasks of the workers to state regulations and laws. As regards the ten hours’ bill of 1832, the newspaper doubted that, in view of foreign competition, “the passage of a law positively directing the gradual destruction of the cotton industry in such a kingdom would be a markedly less rational procedure.” [30] the manchester guardian dismissed the strikes as the work of outside agitators, stating that once an agreement was reached, the occupation of union agents disappeared. They live in enmity…”.[31]
Slavery and the american civil war
The newspaper opposed slavery and supported free trade. The publication of the continuing “cruelty and injustice” against slaves in the west indies months after the abolition of the slave trade with the slave trade law enforcement of 1807 demanded fairness regarding the interests and preferences as planters, indeed their oppressed slaves. Welcomed the slavery act of 1833 and passed “increased compensation” to the planters, since “the blame for slavery is placed essentially on the nation”, but not on private individuals. The success of the law would promote emancipation in other slave-owning countries, in order to avoid “the imminent risk of a violent and bloody termination.” [33] however, the paper opposed restricting trade with countries that also did not abolish slavery. [34]
Complex tensions arose in america. [35] during the tour of abolitionist george thompson, the newspaper wrote that “slavery is a mon terrible evil, but a civil war no less; and people will not seek the abolition of even the first at the expense of the imminent danger of the second.” He proposed that the united states pay compensation to slave owners for freeing slaves [36] and urged president franklin pierce to resolve the “civil war” of 1856. Lawrence’s dismissal due to congressional slavery laws. [38] on may 13, 1861, shortly after the early days of the american civil war, the manchester guardian newspaper described the northern states as particularly imposing an onerous trade monopoly on the confederate states, arguing that if the south freedom to trade directly with europe, “the date is not far off when slavery itself will cease.” So the newspaper asked, “why should the south be deprived of the opportunity to be free from slavery?”[39] liberal champion william ewart gladstone also held this hopeful position. [40]
there were divisions in britain over the civil war, even within political parties.The manchester guardian was also published in the conflict.He supported other freedom movements and felt he should also support confederate right he criticized lincoln’s emancipation proclamation when the porn bunny failed to tear off american slave society. . On october 10, 1862, he wrote: “it is impossible to give up various reflections on an enemy so obviously sincere and well-meaning as mr. Lincoln, and it was also impossible not at all that such a thing was an evil day, both for the united states, but also for the purpose of the world. When he was elected president of the united states.”[41] by that time the union blockade was causing suffering to british cities. Some, notably liverpool, supported confederation, as did the “current wishes of every class” in london. On december 31, 1862, the cotton workers held a free trade archive here in manchester, where “their aversion to negro slavery in the united states and to the attempts of the rebellious southern slave owners to organize on the great south american continent a nation where there is slavery” was resolved. As well as its basis. It has been commented that, using the services of a manchester guardian editorial, an attempt was made to keep the workers from meeting for the task.” The newspaper reported on the above and published their letter to president lincoln[42], complaining about the fact that the key occupation, if not the purpose of the meeting, was probably to offend the manchester guardian”[41]. Lincoln responded to the letter by thanking the workers for their “exalted christian heroism” and overseas ships delivered a humanitarian helping hand to britain.[42] concluding that “his parents’ parting with the dying president is beyond measure sorrowful for it to be described.””[43] it is true, in what looks like an ill-conceived editorial from today’s perspective, it is written that we cannot speak of] his reign other than as a series of acts abhorrent to any true notion of a constitutional driver’s license and freedom of the individual,” adding “undoubtedly, it is to be regretted that here it did not work out to confirm their good intentions.” Always hated slavery. However, he doubted that the union hated slavery to a dull degree. He said that the union had always tacitly condoned slavery, protecting the southern slave states from the condemnation they deserved. Complete denial of slavery throughout the us. D to the president when he is so ready to interview the south, but slavery is the most unresolved issue.” [44]
C. P. Scott
K. P. Scott made the newspaper nationwide. He remained editor for 57 years from 1872 and became its owner after he bought the paper from his son taylor in 1907. Under scott, the paper’s moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting william gladstone when the liberals split in 1886 and opposing the second boer war against public opinion. Scott supported the pretty ladies suffrage movement, but criticized any suffragist tactics suggesting overt influence: [46] “the really laughable stance is the fact that mr. Lloyd george is fighting to enfranchise seven million women, and gunmen are smashing innocent people’s windows. . And disrupting charity meetings in a desperate attempt to thwart him.” Scott believed that the “courage and fidelity” of the suffragettes were “worthy of a better life and above sound leadership”. It has been argued that scott’s criticism reflected the then-widespread contempt for such women who “violated the gender expectations of edwardian society”. Jack yates for shaping facts and prints documenting social conditions in western ireland; such masterpieces were selected in 1911 in the collection “a visit to wicklow, west kerry and connemara”.[48]
Scott’s friendship with chaim weizmann played a role in the balfour declaration. In 1948, the manchester guardian supported the new state of israel. Scott, who was the first chairman of the trust). This exit ensured the newspaper’s independence. [49] [extra links needed]
From 1930 to 1967, special archival copies of all daily newspapers were stored in 700 zinc boxes. The needles were acquired found at the end of the last century, when the newspaper’s archives were stored in the john rylands university library of the university of manchester on the oxford road campus. The first box was broken open, and newspapers were found here, made at the end of the summer of 1930 in perfect condition. Zinc cases were made monthly by the newspaper’s plumber and kept for posterity. The remaining 699 boxes were not opened and were returned to the guardian’s garage for safekeeping due to a zone shortage in the library.[50]
Spanish civil war
Traditionally paired by the centre-left liberal party and with a northern, non-conformist distribution base, the newspaper earned a national image and reverence for the left during the spanish civil war (1936-1939). George orwell wrote in homage to catalonia (1938): “of the above major newspapers, the manchester guardian is the only one that i have the greatest respect for her honesty.” Through the pro-liberal news chronicle, pro-labour daily herald, daily worker of the communist party and a couple of sunday and weekly newspapers, she supported the republican government against general francisco franco’s rebel nationalists.[52]
after the war
The then newspaper editor, a. P. Wadsworth, so detested the labor leftist aneurin bevan, who, in a personal speech, referred to the “parasite tory” decision. And the preachers of hate in their midst”, which the compilation prompted readers to vote conservative in the 1951 general election. And to remove the post-war labor government of clement attlee. The newspaper opposed the establishment of the national health service because it feared that a government doctor would “eliminate selective liquidation” and cause an increase in the number of congenitally deformed and helpless people.[54]
The manchester guardian strongly opposed the military intervention in the process of the suez crisis of 1956: “the anglo-french ultimatum to egypt is an act of recklessness, absolutely not justified, except for brief expediency. Pouring oil on the blazing fire. It is not known what kind of explosion will follow. This change reflected the growing interest in national and world affairs for the week.[57] in september 1961, the guardian, which until then had been published exclusively in manchester, began printing in london.[58] nesta roberts was appointed the paper’s first news editor there, becoming the first woman to hold such a job at a british national newspaper. [59]
1972 to 2000
Northern ireland conflict
When 13 civil rights demonstrators in northern ireland ireland were massacred by the parachute regiment on january 30, 1972 (known as bloody sunday), the guardian wrote that “neither side should escape condemnation”. Of the protesters, they wrote: “the organizers of the demonstration, in particular miss bernadette devlin, challenged the strict ban on marches. They are aware that boulder throwing and sniping should not be prevented, or that the ira may order the crowd as a shield.” It is possible to fire shots into the crowd, this task was focused on clients, they were neither bombers nor weapons carriers, and what excessive force was used. About the killings was a whitewash,[61] an angle that was later supported by the publication of the bloody sunday inquiry in 2010,[62] however, in 1972 the guardian wrote that “widgery’s report is not one-sided” (april 20, 1972)[63 ]. The paper then also supported internment without trial in northern ireland: “internment without trial is hateful, repressive and undemocratic. In the current irish situation, unfortunately, it is still inevitable… That the atmosphere could calm down is a move for which there is no obvious alternative.” A more disinterested face of law and order”[65], but only if “britain takes its own responsibility.”[66]
Sarah tisdall
In 1983, the newspaper found itself in the hospital of a dispute over certificates for deploying cruise missiles in england, which were handed over to the guardian civil servant sarah tisdall. In the end, the newspaper complied with a court order to hand over the documents to the authorities, as a result of which tisdall was sentenced to six months in prison, although she served only 4 months. “I still blame myself,” said peter preston, then editor of the guardian, but went on to say that the paper had no choice because the porn bunny “believed in the rule of law.”[68] ] prefer this year’s model of julian assange and journalistic source protection, john pilger criticized the guardian’s editor when he betrayed tysdall by choosing not to go to jail “on the fundamental principle of source protection.”[69]
Alleged russian intelligence infiltration
In 1994, kgb defector oleg gordievsky called guardian literary editor richard gott an “agent of influence.” Although gott denied receiving cash, he admitted that he dined at the soviet embassy and enjoyed kgb benefits during his foreign visits. Gott resigned from his personal post.[70]
Gordievsky commented to the newspaper: “the kgb loved the guardian. She was considered very susceptible to penetration.”[71]
Jonathan aitken
In 1995, then cabinet minister jonathan aitken sued the granada television program ” the world is also acting against the guardian for slander for their allegation that harrods owner mohamed al fayed paid aitken and concrete’s wife for living in the ritz hotel paris, which amounted to taking a bribe mediated by aitken. Aitken publicly stated which one would fight “with the simple sword of truth and the quality reliable shield of the british candid game”. The litigation continued, even in 1997 the guardian presented food guarantees, which aitken’s claim that his wife pays for a night in a hotel is not true. In 1999, aitken was jailed for perjury and obstruction of justice.[74]
Communication
In may 1998, a series of guardian investigations exposed wholesale fraud of the itv-touted documentary the connection, produced by carlton television.
The documentary was hired to film an unknown route where heroin was smuggled into the united kingdom from colombia. An internal investigation at carlton found that the guardian’s allegations markedly correct, and the then industry regulator itc punished carlton with a record fine of £2 million[75] for numerous violations of british broadcasting codes. The scandal led to a passionate debate about the accuracy of the documentary production. 78]
War in kosovo
The newspaper supported the military intervention of nato in the war in kosovo in 1998-1999. The guardian declared that the only worthy course for europe is the use of military force.”[79] mary kaldor’s article was titled “bombs off! But in order to save civilians, we have to bring in soldiers.”[80]
Since 2000
In the early 2000s, the guardian challenged the the settlement of disputes of 1701 and the treason act of 1848.In october 2004, the guardian published a humorous column by charlie brooker in a sober guide to entertainment, the last sentence of which was seen by some as a call for violence against us president george w. Bush; after the controversy, brooker and the paper issued an apology, stating that “the closing comments were intended as a tongue-in-cheek, not a call to action.” Pages of comments by dilpazie aslam, a 27-year-old british muslim woman and journalist trainee from yorkshire. Aslam was a member of hizb ut-tahrir, an islamist forum, and published a number of materials on their portal. According to the newspaper, the porn bunny was unaware that aslam was a member of hizb ut-tahrir when he applied for the internship, although several employees were informed of the circumstances under which he earned a week’s worth.[85] the ministry of internal affairs stated that “the ultimate goal of the group is the establishment of an islamic state (caliphate) by non-violent means, according to hizb ut-tahrir.” The guardian asked aslam to allow the bands, and if he didn’t, fired him.[86]
In early 2009, the guardian launched a tax investigation into a number of individuals. Major uk companies,[87] including the publication of an information database of taxes paid by ftse 100 companies.[88] barclays bank’s internal tax avoidance documents were removed from the guardian as soon as barclays was ordered to shut its mouth. The newspaper played a leading role in revealing the depth of the news of the world’s phone-tampering case. The economist’s intelligent life magazine reported that…
Like watergate for the washington post and thalidomide for the sunday times, never will phone hacking be for the guardian: a defining moment in such a story.[90 ]
Reporting on the israeli-palestinian conflict
In recent decades, the guardian has been accused of biased criticism of israeli government policies[91] and biased involvement with the palestinians.[92] in december 2003. Columnist julie burchill cited “a startling bias against the state of israel” as almost a developmental factor that led her to leave the paper in the times.[93]
Responding to such allegations, a guardian editorial 2002 condemned anti-semitism and defended the newspaper’s right to criticize the policies and activities of the israeli government, arguing that those who consider such criticism inherently anti-jewish are mistaken. Harriet sherwood, then the guardian’s foreign editor and later correspondent in jerusalem, also denied the guardian’s anti-israeli bias, saying that the paper was keen to explore all positions on the israeli-palestinian conflict.[95]
November 6, 2011 chris elliott, editor of the guardian’s readership, wrote that “reporters, writers and editors of the guardian can be more vigilant about the language they use when reporting on jews or israel,” drawing on recent ups and downs when which the guardian received claims for the language chosen to describe the jews or israel. Elliott noted that over the course of nine months he supported language claims in hard-to-find articles deemed anti-semitic, revisiting the language and making reference to surfing change.[96]
The guardian’s style guide section named it the capital of israel in the twelfth year. The guardian later elaborated: “in 1980, the israeli knesset passed a law designating the city of jerusalem, including east jerusalem, as the nation’s capital. In rebuff, the un security council issued resolution 478 condemning “the change in the character and status of the holy city of jerusalem” and calling on all member states with diplomatic missions in the city to leave. The un has repeatedly confirmed the proposal, and in practice our country now has its own embassy in tel aviv. While it was correct to make an amendment to explicitly mention that israel’s designation of jerusalem as its capital is not recognized by the international community, we agree that it is wrong to state, that its – the financial and diplomatic center of the country – is the capital. Appropriate amendments have been made to the instructions for the direction. Top with the words “jews rejected child sacrifice 3500 years ago. Now it’s hamas’ turn.” The times decided not to air the ad, even though it had long since appeared in reputable american newspapers. A week later, chris elliott expressed the conventional wisdom that the paper should have forgotten about the language used in the ads. And wanted to engage in a dialogue with this kind of advertiser.[101]
Clark county
In august 2004, during the american presidential election process, the daily supplement g2 launched a pilot letter-writing campaign in the clark, ohio area, a medium-sized swing state county.Editor jan katz purchased the electoral roll from the county for $25 and begged readers to write to citizens they don’t know about international opinion and the importance of voting against president george w. Bush. 103] the newspaper threw out “operation clark co. Unty” on october 21, 2004, after one column of responses—virtually everyone was outraged—to a campaign titled “dear fake assholes.” Some commentators have suggested that public dislike of the campaign contributed to bush’s victory in clark county.[105]
Guardian america and guardian us
In 2007, the paper launched guardian america, trying to capitalize on its own large online readership in the united states, which then numbered more than 5.9 million buyers and sellers. The company hired former american prospect editor, new york magazine columnist, and new york review of books writer michael tomasky to spearhead the program and hire a staff of american correspondents and computer editors. Our website has featured news from the guardian that is of interest to american audiences, such as news coverage in the states and the middle east.[106] transferring editing and planning duties to other staff from america and london. He retained his position as a columnist and blogger, taking on his conscience the title of editor-in-chief. News index page on the guardian’s main resource.[108] in another month, the company fired six us employees, including a reporter, a multimedia producer and four web editors. The move was taken on the back of an allegation that the guardian news and video decided to rethink its own u.S. Strategy amid significant company-wide cost-cutting efforts.[109] however, over the years, the guardian hired various commentators on us work, including ana marie cox, michael wolf, naomi wolf, glenn greenwald, and former george w. Bush speechwriter josh treviño. The first post on treviño’s page was an apology for a controversial tweet posted in the june 2011 issue regarding the second gaza flotilla, a controversy that resurfaced after the appointment. , Headed by editor-in-chief janine gibson, which replaced the previous guardian america service. After a period in which katherine viner served as editor-in-chief of the united states, before heading the news and movies regulatory watchdog, viner’s former deputy, lee glendinning, was named her successor as head of us commerce at the dawn of june 2015.[114]
Mouthed from reporting on parliament
In october 2009, the guardian reported that it was not allowed to cover parliamentary issues – the issue was written in the order of the house of commons, on which the minister should respond at a convenient time this week. The newspaper noted that they were “forbidden to tell readers why the newspaper, for the first time in my memory, is not allowed to cover the work of parliament. The client who sees fit is kept secret. The only fact the guardian will be able to tell lies in the question of what kind of london lawyers carter-ruck are involved in the matter. The newspaper further argued that such an occupation apparently “calls into question the privileges guaranteeing freedom of speech, established by the bill of legal limits of 1689.” Period was mp paul farrelly according to legal action by barclays and trafigura.[117] [118] the carter-ruck part of the question relates to the last organisation’s september 2009 order to publish an internal 2006 report [119] on the 2006 ivory coast toxic waste dump scandal. A lawsuit that the company settled exclusively in september 2009 as soon as the guardian released some of the commodity trader’s internal emails. The injunction’s restraining order on the message was lifted the next day as carter-ruck withdrew it before the guardian could challenge the structure in a remarkable court. Alan rusbridger attributed carter-ruck’s quick retreat to twitter posts[122], and bbc news online[123]
Edward snowden leaks and uk government intervention
In june 2013, the paper published a story about a secret collection of verizon phone records held by the obama administration[19][124] and because of this, revealed the existence of the prism surveillance program as soon as it was leaked to the paper by former nsa officer edward snowden.[20] the guardian reported that the dsma notice was sent out to editors and journalists on june 7 following the guardian’s only article about the snowden documents. It said that the dsma notice was used as “an attempt to censor coverage of surveillance tactics used by the intelligence services in england and america”.British cabinet secretary sir jeremy heywood, on behalf of prime minister david cameron and deputy prime minister nick clegg, ordered the destruction of hard drives containing information. Then in july, the guardian’s office was visited by uk gchq agents who oversaw the destruction of hard drives containing information obtained from snowden.[127] the guardian said she destroyed the hard drives to avoid the threat of lawsuits from the uk government, which could prevent her from talking about surveillance from the perspective of the state and uk governments contained in the whitepaper. In june 2014, the register reported that the material the government sought to cover up by destroying hard drives concerned the location of a “top secret” internet monitoring base in seeba, oman, and the close involvement of bt and cable & wireless in intercepting internet communications.[ 129] julian assange criticized the paper for not publishing all of the content when it had the opportunity. Rusbridger initially covered the snowden papers without government oversight, but subsequently achieved this and established an ongoing relationship with the department of defense. The guardian’s coverage of snowden later continued because the information had already been copied outside the united kingdom, earning the paper a pulitzer prize. Rusbridger and subsequent editors-in-chief will sit on the government’s dsma bulletin board. Luke harding and dan collins cited anonymous sources who said former donald trump campaign manager paul manafort held secret meetings with wikileaks founder julian assange at the ecuadorian embassy in london in 2013, 2015 and 2016.[132] the name of the third author, fernando villavicencio, was removed from the online version of the story shortly after publication. The original title of the article was “manafort held secret talks with assange at the ecuadorian embassy.” Hours after publication, “sources say” was added to the headline, and the meeting became an “obvious meeting.”[133] one reporter summed up the story this way: “if true, this could be the biggest win this year. If it’s wrong, it can be the biggest oversight.” Manafort and assange denied ever meeting the latter, threatening legal action against the guardian. Ecuadorian consul in london fidel narvaez, who worked at the ecuadorian embassy in london from 2010 to july 2018, denied the fact of manafort’s visits[133]. Serge halimi said that harding had a personal grievance against assange and noted that manafort’s name does not appear in the ecuadorian embassy’s visitor’s book and there were no photographs of manafort entering or leaving “one of the most secure and filmed buildings on the planet.” 133]
Priity patel caricature
The guardian was accused of “racism and misogyny” after it published a cartoon depicting home secretary priti patel in the image of a cow. Wearing a nose ring, which supposedly alludes to her hindu faith, as cows are considered sacred in hinduism. >journalist glenn greenwald, a former member of the guardian, accused the guardian of falsifying the words of wikileaks founder julian assange in a report on an interview he gave to the italian newspaper la repubblica. [Guardian’s] statements – fabrications – were actually spread by journalists all over the internet, resulting in hundreds of thousands of people (if not millions) consuming false news.” [137] the guardian later amended its article on assange. Messages,” more than 70 professional cryptographers signed an open letter calling on the guardian to retract the article. On june 13, 2017, reader editor paul chadwick published an article detailing the erroneous reports in the original january article, which was amended to remove references to the backdoor.[141][142]
2022 cyberattack
In december 2022, it was reported that the guardian suffered a major cyber attack on its office systems, allegedly using ransomware.[143][144] staff were instructed to work from home and were able to continue publishing on the website despite the loss of some internal systems.[145] the print edition also continued to be produced. On january 4, 2023, uk employees were informed of a security breach and that the information commissioner’s office was notified as required by the gdpr. It was indicated that employees will continue to work from home until at least january 23.[146] on january 11, the newspaper confirmed that the criminals had gained access to the personal data of all uk employees.[147]
Power and finance
The guardian guardian media group (gmg) newspapers, radio stations and print media.Gmg components include the observer, the guardian weekly and theguardian.Com. They were all owned by the scott trust, a charitable trust that existed between 1936 and 2008, whose purpose was to ensure the newspaper’s editorial independence in perpetuity, maintaining its financial health so that it would not become vulnerable to takeover by commercial media groups. In early october 2008, the assets of the scott trust were transferred to a new limited liability company, the scott trust limited, with the intention of liquidating the original trust. Dame liz forgan, chairman of the scott trust, assured staff that the goals of the new company remained the same as under previous arrangements.
The guardian is the only british national daily newspaper that has (since then 2003) an annual social, ethical and environmental audit, during which, under the scrutiny of an independent external auditor, its own behavior as a company is checked.[149] it is also the only uk national daily newspaper to have an internal ombudsman (called a ‘readers’ editor’) to handle complaints and corrections.
The guardian and its parent groups are involved in project syndicate and in 1995 intervened to save the mail & guardian in south africa; gmg sold most of its shares to mail & guardian in 2002. National newspaper gmg, which also includes the observer, reported an operating loss of £49.9m in 2006, down from £18.6m in 2005. As such, the newspaper was heavily dependent on cross-subsidization of profitable companies within the group.
Continuous losses incurred by the guardian media group’s national newspaper division forced it to divest itself of its regional media division. By selling titles to competitor trinity mirror in march 2010. This included the flagship manchester evening news and severed the historic link between that paper and the guardian. The sale was made in order to protect the future of the guardian, as it is the intended purpose of the scott trust. Million and announced that it intends to focus on its online edition for news coverage, leaving the print edition to have more commentary and features. It has also been speculated that the guardian could become the first british national daily to be entirely online. A day, prompting intelligent life to wonder if the guardian could survive. And merged into the guardian as a single product. The sale allowed them to acquire £838.3 million of capital stock as of july 2014, which was to guarantee the guardian’s independence in perpetuity. In its first year, the paper suffered more losses than anticipated, and in january 2016, the publishers announced that the guardian would cut 20% of staff and cut costs over the next three years.[157] the newspaper rarely calls for direct contributions “to provide the independent journalism the world needs.”[158]
The guardian media group 2018 annual report (year ended april 1, 2018) showed that there were some significant changes. Its digital (online) publications accounted for more than 50% of the group’s income by that time. A loss from news and media operations was £18.6m, 52% lower than the previous year (2017: £38.9m). The guardian media group’s owner, the charity scott trust, said it was worth £1.01 billion at the time (2017: £1.03 billion). The group reported earnings (ebitda) of £0.8m excluding exceptional items, which means it breaks even in 2019. Interest returned on investment from the scott trust endowment fund.[162]
Membership subscription scheme
In 2014, he created the membership scheme.[163 ] this scheme aims to reduce the financial loss suffered by the guardian without introducing paywalls, thereby maintaining open access to the website. Website readers can pay for a monthly subscription with three tiers available. As of 2018, this approach was considered successful as it generated over 1 million subscriptions or donations, and the paper hoped to break even by april 2019.
Funding the foundation
In 2016, the company established a us charity arm to raise funds from individuals and organizations, including think tanks and corporate foundations.[166] grants are focused by donors on specific issues. By the following year, the organization had raised $1 million from organizations such as pierre omidyar’s humanity united, the skoll foundation, and the conrad n.Hilton, to fund reporting on topics such as contemporary slavery and climate change. The guardian stated that it has received “multi-year funding commitments” of $6 million so far. Rockefeller and the bill & melinda gates foundation.[168] gates gave the organization $5 million[169] for its global development web page.[170]
As of march 2020, the magazine claims to be “the first major global news organization to a ban on receiving money from fossil fuel companies.” For years, the guardian had a reputation as a “middle-class organ”[172] or, in the words of c. P. Scott’s son ted, “a newspaper that will remain bourgeois to the end.”[173] associated first with the little circle, and thus with classical liberalism as expressed by the whigs, and then with the liberal party, its political orientation underwent a decisive change after the second world war, leading to a gradual rapprochement with labor and the political left in general.
Scott trust describes one of its “primary goals” as “ensuring the guardian’s financial and editorial independence in perpetuity: as a quality, non-partisan, national newspaper; remaining true to its liberal tradition.”[7][174] the paper’s readership is generally of the mainstream left of british political views: a mori poll conducted between april and june 2000 found that 80 per cent of the guardian’s readers were labor party voters; [12] according to another mori poll in 2005, 48% of guardian readers were labor voters and 34% liberal democrat voters. The term “guardian reader” can be used to refer to a stereotype of liberal, leftist, or “politically correct” views.[3]
While the paper is often considered “inextricably linked” to the labor party,[174] three out of four leading writers for the guardian joined the more centrist social democratic party at its founding in 1981. The newspaper enthusiastically supported tony blair in his successful bid to lead the labor party[175] and be elected prime minister.[176] on january 19, 2003, two months before the 2003 invasion of iraq, an observer editorial stated: “military intervention in the middle east comes with many dangers. But if we want a lasting peace, this may be the only option… War with iraq may not come yet, but in recognition of the potentially horrendous responsibility that lies with the british government, we find ourselves maintaining our current commitment to the eventual use of force.” Mirror and the independent.[179] in 2008, guardian columnist jackie ashley stated that the editorialists were a mixture of “center-right libertarians, greens, blairites, brownites, labor, but less enthusiastic brownites, etc.”, And that the newspaper “clearly left center and vaguely progressive”. She also said that “you can be absolutely certain that in the next general election, the guardian’s position will not be dictated by an editor, much less any foreign owner (it helps that there isn’t one), but the result of a vigorous effort.” Debate in the newspaper.”[180] the newspaper’s commentary and opinion pages, while often written by centre-left authors such as polly toynbee, leave some space for centre-right voices such as sir max hastings and michael gove. Since an editorial in 2000, the guardian has advocated the abolition of the british monarchy. “I write for the guardian,” max hastings said in 2005,[182] “because the new establishment reads it,” indicating the newspaper’s growing influence at the time.
Until the general election in 2010, after the editorial meeting[183], the newspaper declared its support for the liberal democrats, in particular because of the party’s position on electoral reform. The paper proposed a tactical vote to prevent a conservative victory, given the uk’s first-past-the-post electoral system. In the 2015 elections, the newspaper switched to the labor party. The document argued that britain needed a new direction, and labor “talks more forcefully than its rivals about social justice, confronting predatory capitalism, investing for growth, reforming and strengthening the public sphere, the uk’s place in europe and international development.” .[185]
Associate editor michael white, discussing media self-censorship in march 2011, says: otherwise, about welfare fraud or the less attractive tribal habits of the working class that are easier to ignore altogether.Hooligans, including royalty, christians, especially popes, israeli governments, and us republicans are more direct targets.” 186]
In a 2013 interview with npr, the guardian’s latin america correspondent rory carroll stated that many the guardian editors believed and continue to believe that they should support hugo chávez “because he was flag-bearer for the left.”[187]
In the 2015 uk general election, she supported the labor party.[188]
In 2015, in the labor party leadership election, the guardian supported blair’s candidate yvette cooper and criticized the leftist jeremy corbyn, a successful candidate. These positions were criticized by the morning star, which accused the guardian of being conservative. While most guardian columnists were against corbyn’s victory, owen jones, seamus milne and george monbiot wrote supportive articles about him. Despite the newspaper’s generally critical stance, the guardian supported the labor party while corbyn was its leader in the 2017 and 2019 general elections, although in both cases they supported voting for non-labour opposition parties such as the liberal democrats and the scottish national party in places where labor had no chance. And in the 2019 european elections invited its readers to vote for pro-eu candidates without the support of specific parties. Wokerati eating tofu” for subversive just stop oil protests. December 2012 – 11.25% drop from january 2012 – compared to the daily teleg’s 547,465 sales. Raph, 396,041 for the times and 78,082 for the independent. In march 2013, its average daily circulation dropped to 193,586 copies, according to the circulation audit bureau.[197] circulation continued to decline and reached 161,091 copies in december 2016, down 2.98% year-on-year[198]. In july 2021, the circulation was 105,134 copies; later that year, publishers stopped publishing circulation data. At that time the guardian was a weekly newspaper published on saturdays and cost 7d; the stamp duty on newspapers (4d per sheet) raised the price so high that it was unprofitable to publish them more often. When the stamp duty was lowered in 1836, the guardian added a wednesday edition, and with the repeal of the tax in 1855, it became a 2p daily newspaper.
In october 1952, the newspaper took the step of printing news on the front page, replacing the ads that had hitherto occupied that space. The then editor, a. P. Wadsworth, wrote: “this is not something i myself like, but it seems that all newspaper experts agree that it is preferable to be in fashion.”[200]
After the closure of the anglican church newspaper the guardian in 1951, the newspaper dropped the word “manchester” from its title in 1959 and became simply the guardian.[201] in 1964 he moved to london, losing part of his regional agenda but continuing to receive significant subsidies from sales of the cheaper but more profitable manchester evening news. The financial situation remained extremely poor until the 1970s; at one time she was negotiating a merger with the times. The newspaper solidified its centre-left stance in the 1970s and 1980s. In addition to improving the quality of the ink for his printers, he also changed the title to juxtapose garamond’s italic “the” with the bold helvetica “guardian” used before the 2005 redesign.
In 1992, the guardian relaunched its feature section called g2, a tabloid format application. This innovation was widely copied by other “quality” papers and eventually led to “compact” papers and the guardian’s switch to the berliner format. In 1993, the newspaper refused to participate in a price war started by rupert murdoch’s the times. In june 1993, the guardian bought the observer from lonrho, thus obtaining a serious sunday newspaper affiliate with similar political views.
Its international weekly publication is now called the guardian weekly, although it has retained this name. Manchester guardian weekly for several years after the home edition moved to london. It includes sections from a number of other world-famous, somewhat centre-left newspapers, including le monde and the washington post. The guardian weekly was also linked to the expatriate website guardian abroad, which launched in 2007 but was taken offline by 2012.
Switching to a berliner newspaper format
The guardian is printed in full color[202] and was the first newspaper in the uk to use the berlin format for its main section, while producing sections and supplements on a variety of page sizes, including tabloid, approximately a4, and pocket size ( approximately a5).
In 2004, the guardian announced plans to switch to a berliner or “midi” format[203] similar to that used by die tageszeitung in germany, le monde in france and many other european newspapers. At 470x315mm, this is slightly larger than a traditional tabloid. This change, planned for the fall of 2005, followed the independent and the times publishing in a tabloid (or compact) format. On thursday, september 1, 2005, the guardian announced that it would launch the new format on monday, september 12, 2005.[204] the sister sunday the observer also switched to this new format on january 8, 2006.
The change in format was accompanied by a comprehensive change in the appearance of the newspaper. On friday, september 9, 2005, the newspaper introduced a new front page that debuted on monday, september 12, 2005. The new design, designed by mark porter, includes a new newspaper headline, the first since 1988. The font family, designed by paul barnes and christian schwartz created a new design. With just over 200 fonts, it has been described as “one of the most ambitious custom font programs ever commissioned by a newspaper”. Among the fonts is guardian egypt, a serif font that is used in different weights for both text and headings and is central to the redesign.
The switch cost guardian newspapers £80 million and required adjustment. New printing presses in east london and manchester. This move was necessary because, prior to the guardian’s move, no printing house in the uk could print newspapers in berliner format. There were additional complications as one of the presses was partially owned by telegraph newspapers and express newspapers, who were contracted to use the plant until 2009. To switch to the berlin format.
The new format was generally well received by guardian readers, who were asked to provide feedback on the changes. The only controversy arose over the rejection of the doonesbury cartoon. The newspaper reported thousands of calls and emails complaining about her loss; within 24 hours, the decision was reversed and the strip was reinstated the following week. G2 app editor jan katz, who was responsible for its removal, apologized on the editors’ blog, saying, “i’m sorry again for making you – and hundreds of other fans who called our support line or mailed our comments. “The address is such a cross.” [208] however, some readers were unhappy because the earlier deadline required for the full-color sports section meant that late-night football coverage became less satisfactory in publications shipped to some parts of the country. .
The contribution was rewarded with an increase in circulation. In december 2005, the average daily sales amounted to 380,693 units, which is almost 6% higher than in december 2004[209]. However, by december 2012, circulation dropped to 204,222 copies.[210] in 2006, the guardian and the polish daily rzeczpospolita were selected by the us-based news design society as the world’s best newspapers, among 389 publications from 44 countries.[211]
Tabloid format since 2018 .
In june 2017, the guardian media group (gmg) announced that the guardian and the observer would be relaunching in tabloid format from early 2018.[212] the guardian has confirmed the launch date for the new format as january 15, 2018. Gmg also signed a contract with trinity mirror – publisher of the daily mirror, sunday mirror and sunday people – to outsource printing to the guardian and the observer. 213]
The format change is intended to help cut costs as it allows the paper to be printed on a wider range of presses and outsourcing to trinity mirror presses is expected to save millions of pounds annually . The move is part of a three-year plan that includes cutting 300 jobs in a bid to cut losses and break even by 2019. The paper and ink are the same as before, but the font size is slightly larger.[215]
Evaluation of reader response in late april 2018 showed that the new format resulted in an increase in subscriptions. The editorial staff worked on changing aspects that caused reader dissatisfaction.[215]
In july 2018, the title of the new tabloid was changed to dark blue.[216]
The guardian and its sunday brother the observer publish all their news online, with free access to both current news and an archive of three million articles. A third of site visits are for products older than a month old.[217] as of may 2013, it was the uk’s most popular newspaper website with 8.2 million unique visitors per month, ahead of mail online’s 7.6 million unique visitors per month. April 2011mediaweek reported that the guardian is the fifth most popular newspaper website in the world.[219] journalists use an entirely in-house analytics tool called ophan to measure website data by content and audience.[220] however, by july 2021, the number of online readers had dropped dramatically.[221]
The guardian launched an ios mobile app for its content in 2009.[222] an android app followed in 2011.[223] in 2018, the newspaper announced that its apps and mobile website would be redesigned to coincide with its relaunch as a tabloid. , As well as articles by guest authors, including reader comments and responses below. The section includes all articles published in the newspaper itself, as well as many others that only appear online. Censorship is carried out by moderators, who can block messages – without the right to appeal – of those who, in their opinion, have crossed the line. The guardian has taken what they call a very “open” stance in news delivery and launched an open platform for their content. This allows third-party developers to easily use guardian content in external applications and even push third-party content back into the guardian network.[225] the guardian also had several discussions that were known for a mix of political discussion and whims until they were closed on friday 25 february 2011 after settling a libel suit following months of harassment against a conservative party activist. [227] they were spoofed in the guardian’s own regular g2 humor column. The fake column was allegedly an excerpt from a chat on permachat.Co.Uk, a real url that pointed to the guardian message boards.
In august 2013, a web show was launched called thinkfluencer[ 228]. By guardian multimedia in partnership with arte.
In 2004, the newspaper also launched the guardian soulmates dating site.[229] on july 1, 2020, guardian soulmates closed with the explanation: “the decision was not an easy one to make, but the world of online dating is very different from when we first launched online in july 2004. Dating apps now, there are so many ways to meet people that are often free and very fast.”[230]
The newspaper entered podcasting in 2005 with a twelve-part ricky gervais weekly podcast series .[231] in january 2006, the gervais show topped the itunes podcast chart in terms of downloads. Two million listeners worldwide,[232] and was to be listed in the 2007 guinness book of world records as the most downloaded podcast.[233]
The guardian now offers several regular podcasts made by one of the most famous is today in focus, a daily news podcast hosted by anushka astana and launched on november 1, 2018. It was an immediate success[234] and became one of the most downloaded podcasts in the uk[234]. [235][236]
Guardianfilms
In 2003, the guardian founded guardianfilms, which was led by journalist maggie o’kane. The company’s productions include made-for-television documentaries, including “baghdad blogger” salama pax for bbc two’s daily flagship program newsnight, some of which have been featured on cnn international’s compilations, sex on the streets and spiked, made for british channel 4 television. [237]
Guardianfilms has received several broadcast awards. In addition to two amnesty international media awards in 2004 and 2005, the baghdad blogger: salam pax won the royal television society award in 2005. Baghdad: the doctor’s story won the primetime emmy award for outstanding international action film in 2007. In 2008, photojournalist sean smith’s film inside the surge won the royal television society’s award for best international news film, the first time the newspaper had won such an award. In the same year, the guardian katine was awarded the one world media award for excellence in new media. In 2008, guardianfilms’ secret video report exposing robert mugabe’s zanu-pf voter fraud during the 2007 zimbabwean elections won best news program of the year at the broadcast awards.[238][241]
Popular culture references
The newspaper’s nickname the grauniad (sometimes abbreviated graun) comes from the satirical magazine private eye.[242] this anagram played on the guardian’s early reputation for frequent typographical errors, including the misspelling of its own name as the gaurdian.[243]
The first issue of the newspaper contained a number of errors, including a notice. That soon some goods will be sold at auctions and not at auctions.Fewer typographical errors were seen in the article after hot metal typing was discontinued. One guardian writer, keith devlin, suggested that the high number of typos observed was due more to the quality of the readership than to the greater frequency of typos. The newspaper was printed in manchester until 1961, and the fact that the prints sent to london by train were early, more error-prone, may also have contributed to this image. When alastair hetherington appointed john cole as news editor in 1963, he honed the newspaper’s comparatively “amateurish” structure. The fifth estate (2013), snowden (2016) and official secrets (2019), while paddy considine played a fictional guardian journalist in the bourne ultimatum (2007).
Received
The guardian won national newspaper of the year at the british press awards in 1998, 2005,[248] 2010[249] and 2013[ 21] years, as well as in the nomination “the main page of the year” in 2002 (“declaration of war”, september 12, 2001). He was also one of the winners of the news design society’s world’s best designed newspaper competition (2005, 2007, 2013, 2014).[251]
Guardian journalists have won a number of british press awards. Awards, including:[248]
Reporter of the year (nick davis, 2000;[252] paul lewis, 2010;[253] rob evans and paul lewis, 2014 d.) ;[254]- foreign reporter of the year (james meek, 2004;[255] ghaith abdul-ahad, 2008);[256]- sensation of the year (millie dowler’s phone was hacked, 2012)[ 257 ]- young journalist of the year (emma brockes, 2001;[258] patrick kingsley, 2013);[259]-columnist of the year (polly toynbee, 2007;[260] charlie brooker, 2009);[261]- critic of the year (marina o’loughlin, 2015);[262]- writer of the year (emma brokes, 2002;[258] tanya gold, 2009;[263] ] amelia gentleman, 2010);[249] – cartoonist of the year (steve bell, 2003);[264] – political journalist of the year (patrick wintour, 2006; andrew sparrow, 2010);[ 249] – journalist of the journal “science and health” year (sarah bowsley, 20 16);[265]- business and finance journalist of the year (ian griffiths, 2005;[266] simon goodley, 2014);[267]- interviewer of the year (decca aitkenhead , 2008);[268]- sports reporter of the year (david lacy, 2002);[269]- sports photographer of the year (tom jenkins, 2003, 2005, 2006,[270] 2015);[271] – site of the year (guardian.Com/uk, 1999, 2001,[272] 2007,[273] 2008,[274] 2015,[275] 2020);[276]- digital journalist of the year (dan milmo, 2001;[277] sean smith, 2008; [278] dave hill, 2009) application of the year (guide to the 2010 fifa world cup, 2010)[249]other awards include:
Bevins award for investigative reporting (paul lewis, 2010);[282] martha gellhorn journalism award (nick davis, 1999; chris mcgreel, 2003; gaith abdul-ahad, 2005; [283] ian cobain, 2009).[284]the guardian, observer and its journalists also received numerous awards at the british sports journalism awards:
Sports writer of the year (daniel taylor 2017)[285]- sports reporter of the year (david conn 2009, 2014)[286]- football writer of the year (daniel taylor 2015, 2016, 2017) )[287]- sports journalist of the year (donald mcrae, 2009, 2011)[288 ]- diary of the year (david high lls, 2009). )[293]- sensation of the year (daniel taylor, 2016;[287] martha kellner & sean ingle, 2017)[293]- sports newspaper of the year (2017)[294]- sports web site of the year (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)[295][296]- sports writers association sports portfolio of the year (tom jenkins, 2011)[270]the guardian .Co website. Uk won the best newspaper category three consecutive years in the 2005, 2006 and 2007 webby awards, beating (in 2005) the new york times, the washington post, the wall street journal and variety. It has won the british press awards for best electronic daily for six consecutive years.[298] the site received the eppy award from american editor & publisher magazine in 2000 for the best online newspaper service.[299] on transparency, which analyzed 25 major english-language media outlets and was hosted by the university of maryland’s international center for media and public agenda.[300] it scored a 3.8 out of a possible 4.0.
The guardian and the washington post shared the 2014 pulitzer prize for public coverage for coverage of the nsa and gchq worldwide electronic surveillance program and leaks documents. Whistleblower edward snowden.[301]
Given
The guardian sponsors two major literary awards: the guardian first book award, established in 1999 as the successor to the guardian fiction award, which has been running since 1965, and the guardian children’s fiction prize, founded in 1967.In recent years, the newspaper has also sponsored the hay festival in hay-on-wye.
Established in 1999, the annual guardian student media awards recognize excellence in journalism and student newspaper and magazine design. And websites of uk universities and colleges.
In memory of paul foote, who died in 2004, the guardian and private eye jointly launched the paul foote prize with an annual prize pool of £10,000 for investigative or campaign journalism.[302]
The newspaper publishes the guardian 100 best football players in the world.[303] since 2018, he has also co-produced the female equivalent of the world’s 100 best female football players.
In 2016, the guardian launched an annual footballer of the year award given to a football player. Regardless of gender, “who has done something truly remarkable by overcoming adversity, helping others, or setting a sports example by acting with exceptional integrity.”[304]
Best book lists
The guardian’s 100 best novels is a list of the best english-language novels, selected by robert mccrum.The guardian’s list of the 100 greatest nonfiction books was published in 2011.[305][306] and in 2017, chosen by robert mccrum.[307]editors
Notable regular contributors (past and present)
Reviewers and journalists:
David aaronovichjames agateian aitkendecca aitkenheadbrian aldisstariq aliaraukariajohn arlottmark arnold-forsterjackie ashleydilpazier aslamharriet babernancy banks-smithleona rd bardenlaura bartonkatherine bennettmarcel berlinsmichael billingtonheston blumenthalsidney blumenthalboutros boutros-ghalifrankie boylemark boylelloyd bradleyrussell brandemma broxcharlie brookertom brooksguy browningalex brammerinayat bunglawalamadeleine bantingjulie burchillsimon callowjames cameronduncan campbellneville cardusalexander chancellorkira cochranemark cockeraleister cookej. D. H. Colejohn colerosalind cowardgavin davisrobin denzelowbeth dittotim dowlingterry eagletonlarry elliottmatthew angel edzard ernstharold evansevelyn flinderspaul footeliz forganbrian j. Forddawn fosterebenezer foxmichael frain jonathan friedlandhadley freemantimothy garton ashtanya goldben goldacrevictor gollanczrichard gotta. C. Graylingroy greensladegermaine greera. Harry griffinben hammersleyclifford harpermax hastingsroy hattersleydavid henkegeorgina henryisabelle hiltonl. T. Hobhousej. A. Hobsontom hodgkinsonwill hodgkinsonsimon hoggartstuart holdenclaire hollingworthwill huttonmarina hydek. L. R. Jameservin james (pseudonym)waldemar januszczaksimon jenkinsstanley johnsonowen jonesalex kapranossyid kamali deganvictor keeganmartin kellneremma kennedymaeve kennedymartin kettlearthur koestleralex krotoskymark lawsondavid leerod liddlesue limb ( as dulcie domum))maureen lipmanjoris luyendijkjohn maddoxderek malcolmjonjo mcfaddendan mcdougallneil mackintoshdavid mckiegareth mcleananna mintondavid mitchellgeorge monbiotc. E. Montaguesuzanne mooremalcolm muggeridgejames notirichard norton-taylormaggie o’kanesuzie orbach[308]greg palastdavid pallister michael parkinson- ‘salam pax’jim perrinmelanie phillipshelen piddjohn pilgeranna politkovskayapeter prestontim radfordarthur ransomeadam raphaelandrew ronsleybrian redheadjames reevejillian reynoldssimon rogersjohn ronsonrick samadderash sarkarjack schofieldmike selvienorman shrapnelfrank sidebottom- michael simkinsposey simmondshoward springgene steaddavid steelejonathan steelemary stottallegra strattonjohn sutherlandr. H. Toneya. J.P. Taylorsimon tisdallarnold toynbeepolly toynbeejill tweedybeebe van der zeef. A. Voigted valliamihilary wainwrightmartin walkerhank wangfordjim watersonjonathan wattsfrances wynbrian whitakerestelle whitemichael whiteann widdecombezoe williamsted wragghugo younggary youngxue shinrantony zapponeslavoj zizekviktor zorza[309 ]cartoonists:
David austinsteve belljoe bergerberke breathedbiffpeter clarkles gibbard john kentjamie lenmandavid lowemartin rawsonposy simmondsharry trudeausatirists:
John krace jeremy hardyarmando iannucciterry jonescraig brown as bel littlejohnjohn o’farrellmark steeleexperts:
Tim atkinmatthew fortmalcolm glucktim haywardphotographers and graphic editors:
– Herbert walter doughty (the manchester first guardian photographer, july 1908)eamonn mccabesean smithguardian news & media archive
The guardian and sister newspaper the observer open newsroom, archive and visitor center in london , 2002. The center has preserved and promoted the history and values of newspapers through its archive, educational programs and exhibitions. In 2008, all newsroom activities were moved to kings place.[310] now known as the guardian news & media archive, the archive preserves and promotes the history and values of the guardian and the observer newspapers by collecting and making available material that provides accurate and complete newspaper history. The archive maintains the official records of the guardian and the observer, and seeks to obtain material from individuals who have been associated with the papers. In addition to corporate documents, the archive contains correspondence, diaries, notebooks, original cartoons and photographs belonging to newspaper employees[311]. This material is available to members of the public by appointment. An extensive archive of the manchester guardian also exists at the university of manchester’s john rylands university library and there is a collaboration program between the two archives. In addition, the british library maintains a large archive of the manchester guardian available from its collection of british library newspapers in online, hardcopy, microform and cd format.
In november 2007 the guardian and the observer have made their archives available over the internet through digitalarchive. Current range of available archives: 1821 to 2000 for the guardian and 1791 to 2000 for the observer: these archives will eventually run until 2003.
Other parts of the newsroom have also been taken over by kings. Place in 2008. The guardian education center provides a range of educational programs for students and adults. The guardian exhibition space has also been relocated to kings place and features a permanent program of exhibitions that explore and reflect aspects of news and newspapers and the role of journalism. This program often draws on archival collections held at the gnm archive.
Journalism portal uk portalmonthly guardianthe guardian weeklylinks
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